Causes Of The American Revolution - 886 Words

The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxes due to the French and Indian war, the Boston Massacre, the Intolerable Acts, and finally the formation of the First Continental Congress. Initially, the British were still suffering debts from the previous French and Indian War. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦As hostility developed between the Redcoats and the settlers, a massacre occurred in Boston. It killed five men, including Crispus Attucks, an African American sailor (history.com). This horrific accident, now called the Boston Massacre, was started when colonial protesters provocatively threw snowballs and stones at British troops. They later denied this in court. Though destructive, this situation proved useful to both Britain and the colonies, giving them a key piece of propaganda to kick-start the coming war. Moreover, the next influential occurrence was an array of taxes and acts branded the â€Å"Intolerable Acts† by the outraged colonists. Their real name, however, was the Coercive Acts of 1774. This series of laws was passed in response to the Boston Tea Party along with other protests. It consisted of four measures: the Quebec Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Justice Act, and the Quartering Act. Most of these were directed towards Boston, where most of the havoc was taking place (britannica.com). These laws did five major things. The Bostonians were not allowed to use the harbour until the citizens paid the government for the wasted tea and repair of the harbour. Town meetings were forbidden without approval (britannica.com). British officials were now taken to England for a more lenient trail, and their troops were permitted sanction in abandoned houses and civilian quarters. Lastly, theShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a truly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial govern ment because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. This war lasted until 1781, when the British surrendered to the Americans, As a result, America is a fully independent country and it has stayed that way since that day. There were many causes of the war, The Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, and Lexington and Concord. The first cause of theRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution913 Words   |  4 Pages While the american revolution was caused from taxes, it was also formed from the effects of a corrupt system of government. The effects of britains rule was a much bigger flame for the revolution then the taxes placed upon citizens. The american revolution was an event that will forever shape us as a country. It was a tough war filled with blood and brutal acts of violence, but it was also an awakening for the colonies that will later become the United States, it showed that while under a governmentRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution880 Words   |  4 Pages The American Revolution is the most important time in all of American history. This brought the birth of a new country and the treasured constitution. In the beginning, colonists were proud to be British. In the years to come, there were small occurrences that bothered the colonists and led to the Revolution. Other countries contributed to the start of a crueller British control. The French and Indian War caused King George III to introduce expensive taxes (Pavao). These taxes came about becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1335 Words   |  6 Pageswere multiple causes for the American Revolution, but the most important was the violation and deprivation of rights from the American People. The American people were faced with multiple acts and taxes that violated and took away their rights. Americans were continuously being taxed after the French and Indian War by acts like the sugar act, the stamp act, the Townshend acts,the tea act, and many more(Hedtke, et al., The Ame rican Saga). Despite all the taxes being placed on the Americans and the thingsRead MoreCauses of the American Revolution953 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Thou Mr. G./ Period 1 September 14, 2012 Causes of the American Revolution The American Revolution began in 1755 as an open conflict between the thirteen colonies and Great Britain. The Treaty of Paris had ended that war in 1783, giving the colonies their own independence. There are many factors contributing to the start of the Revolution, but the war began as the way The Great Britain treated the colonies versus the way the colonies felt they should be treated. For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe American revolution, the war that helped make America what it is today. However, America did not become the land of the free and home of the brave overnight. Like many wars before, one single event did not cause the American Revolution. After years of disagreement on how Britain should rule the American colonies, the colonists declared their independence and sparked a revolution. By the late 1600s, England pushed to strengthen their control over the existing American colonies by enforcing mercantilism

Crash Film Co Directed And Produced By Paul Haggis

Crash is a 2004 ensemble drama film co-written, directed, and produced by Paul Haggis. The film focuses on stereotypical, racial and social tensions in Los Angeles, California. It connects stories based on coincidence, fortuitousness, and luck, as the lives of the characters crash against one another. The movie revolves around the feelings of prejudice and antipathy most people have against members of other groups, and observes the consequences of those feelings. The movie demonstrates the lives of different individuals from diverse socio-economic classes, who face life changing situations in between their conflicting prejudices and stereotypes. Their stories intermingle during a two days’ span in Los Angeles: a black detective estranged from his mother; his criminal younger brother who is a gang member; a Persian-immigrant father who is suspicious of others; a hard-working Hispanic family man, a locksmith; the white district attorney and his exasperated, spoiled wife; a racist police officer who offends an African American TV producer and harasses his wife; and a non-racist police officer. Instead of labeling characters as victims and offenders, victims of racism are often shown to be prejudiced themselves in different contexts and situations. The racist comments and biased actions are often shown to be caused by unawareness and fallacy instead of someone’s hateful nature. Racism, prejudice and stereotyping, as the major themes of the movie, Crash, dominate all theShow MoreRelatedFilm Crash Film Analysis1333 Words   |  6 PagesDisconnect: A Study of the Waters Family The Oscar Award winning film Crash, co-written, produced and directed by Paul Haggis, forces viewers to take a long hard look at their own biases while demonstrating the dynamisms of humanity as it takes us through an evening in the racially, financially and emotionally divided city of Los Angeles in the early 2000’s. Starring such actors as Don Cheadle, Sandra Bullock and Matt Dillon, this mind-warping film follows several disenchanted individuals as they are testedRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash By Paul Haggis2104 Words   |  9 PagesCrash is a drama film produced and directed by Paul Haggis. The movie was made about 12 years ago and dealt with the racial and social tensions in Los Angeles. This story that evolved over 2 days involves several key characters – an African American detective who has a brother who is into crime; the Caucasian District Attorney (DA) and his overpowering paranoid wife, a Caucasian police officer who is downright racist and an African Ame rican movie director and his wife, who have to interact with the

Strategic Management for Engineers

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Engineers. Answer: Introduction: The main objective of Tesco is to expand its operation and store in international market. In 1990s, Tesco was UKs second largest food retailers. However, in 2013, Tesco was ranked as the largest UK food retailer. The growth in the company was due to the strategies formulated by the CEO, Terry Leahty that repositioned Tesco from the discounted roots to mass-market customer focused retailer serving all the segments in UK market (Mei? 2016). The first change in the strategy was introduction of Tesco Club card, which was UKs first customer loyalty card that included the information of the customers and provided the customers with additional benefit. Another strategy used by Tesco was development of new store format that served the oval shoppers and made the shopping easy. According to Alexandrino (2014), Tesco was facing regulator pressure due to rise in the competition. However, the strategy adopted by the company focused on long-term growth with its concentration on operations and capital investment. The strategies of Tesco also focused on diversifying its product portfolio to the non food sector and retail services with the focus on online shopping channel and non food products. In 1997, the strategy of Tesco also focused on expanding its busines1990 where the s outside home market via international diversification. The first phase of strategy was launched in 1990s where the company was successful in expanding its organization in Europe. The next phase of strategies was launched in 1998 where the focus of strategy is one expanding its operations to Asian market entering Thailand and South Korea (Kim and Hallsworth 2015). The strategy of Tesco focused on the liberalization of retail foreign direct investment during the expansion of business in Asian market. The liberalization of investment helped the company emerge as the market leader in retail business offering products at discounted prices (Dawson and Mukoyama 2013). The next phase of Tescos strategy focused on expansion of the stores in China and India. In just twelve years, the company has one thousand seven hundred and nineteen stores all over the world. The strategy of the company that focused on expansion of the store in South Korea in the year 2012 proved to be successful. South Korea gave Tesco the second largest platform after UK for emerging as the market leader in retail sector. With the change in the CEO of Tesco the strategies used by Tesco was also changing. In 2007, Tesco made one of the most risky moves of expanding its business to United States of America. The strategy that was adopted by Tesco to enter the market of USA was small format retail skills to attain competitive advantage. The company had confidence of expanding in the international market due to its effective management of small format stores. The strategies of Tesco are also on development of cool chain distribution and logistics systems required to manage its products (Ghrmay 2016). The high quality food and affordable fresh and chilled prepared meals were sold under the brand name of Tesco. The store of Tesco in California was opened under its own brand name that is fresh and Easy where the products of Tesco were sold under its own brand name. Hence, strategies of Tesco focused on attainment of long-term goals with the focus on capital investments, operations and international expansion. Strategic Directions Tesco has faced many challenges threatening the market performance of retailer. Hence, to overcome such challenges it is essential for the company to develop efficient strategies with a strategic direction. Though Tesco has been successful in expanding its operations, in various parts of the world the major part of the sales and profit comes from the UK store. Sixty six percent of the sales and profits are still generated from the stores of UK (Lowe et al. 2012). Hence, it is essential for the company to develop strategies that focuses on globalization and expansion. In addition, the company should ensure that the stores in the international market are operating well so that they are able to contribute towards the market performance positively. The major drawback of Tesco strategies was entry of the retail business into the USA market (Foster and Noh 2013). One of the best things about the strategy of Leahy was its ability to transform a change under the market support of hostile pub lic scrutiny and retainment of financial market support for the strategy. This strategy was never possible with the entry of the business in the USA market. Tescos market entry into the USA market was apprehensive in either the sense that the entry could be transformational or a failure. It is essential for the company to not just rely on sales from the UK store but also plan on expanding its business to the international front. The company should expand its business in those parts of the world that is well established and where the competition is low. Having fewer competitors makes it easy for the company to establish its business and attract larger customers that are loyal. Tesco has a large customer base that is one of the advantages of the company (Haddock-Millar and Rigby 2015). The strategies of Tesco should be more flexible in order to produce more flexible goods and services in order to avoid massive fluctuations in the environmental changes. The strategies should also focus on evaluation of the risks. It is not just essential to formulate efficient strategies. It is also essential to evaluate and monitor the strategies and the performance of the organizations that is set in the various parts of the world. Time is another factor that affects the growth of the company. It is essential for the organization to formulate such strategies that focuses on immediate projects. The organization should focus in two strategies that are market development and product development. Hence, before setting strategies the organization should focus on the future goals and then formulate the strategies accordingly. References Alexandrino, J., 2014.Tesco PLC: Equity research(Doctoral dissertation, NSBE-UNL). Dawson, J. and Mukoyama, M., 2013. 1 Recent developments in retail internationalization.Global Strategies in Retailing: Asian and European Experiences, p.5. Foster, M.J. and Noh, T.J., 2013. Tesco strikes out into Asia.Frontiers of Business Research in China,7(2), pp.289-310. Ghrmay, T.M., 2016. Tesco: Losing Ground in the Uk.Available at SSRN. Haddock-Millar, J. and Rigby, C., 2015. Business Strategy and the Environment: Tesco PlcS Declining Financial Performance and Underlying Issues.Review of Business Finance Studies,6(3), pp.91-103. Kim, W. and Hallsworth, A.G., 2015. Tesco in Korea: regulation and retail change.Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie. Lowe, M., George, G. and Alexy, O., 2012. Organizational identity and capability development in internationalization: transference, splicing and enhanced imitation in Tescos US market entry.Journal of Economic Geography, p.lbs016. Mei?, I., 2016. internationalization of retailing.Business Logistics in Modern Management.

Study Of Poetry Essays - British Poetry, W. B. Yeats, William Blake

Study of Poetry An Essay Study of Poetry and A Poet's Ability to Forsee The Future The world is changing and evolving at an astounding rate. Within the last one hundred years, the Western community has seen advances in technology and medicine that has improved the lifestyles and longevity of almost every individual. Within the last two hundred years, we have seen two World Wars, and countless disputes over false borders created by colonialists, slavery, and every horrid form of human suffering imaginable! Human lifestyles and cultures are changing every minute. While our grandparents and ancestors were growing-up, do you think that they ever imagined the world we live in today? What is to come is almost inconceivable to us now. In this world, the only thing we can be sure of is that everything will change. With all of these transformations happening, it is a wonder that a great poet may write words over one hundred years ago, that are still relevant in today's modern world. It is also remarkable that their written words can tell us more about our present, th! an they did about our past. Is it just an illusion that our world is evolving, or do these great poets have the power to see into the future? In this brief essay, I will investigate the immortal characteristics of poetry written between 1794 and 1919. And, I will show that these classical poems can actually hold more relevance today, than they did in the year they were written. Along the way, we will pay close attention to the style of the poetry, and the strength of words and symbols used to intensify the poets' revelations. The World Is Too Much with Us, written by William Wordsworth in 1807 is a warning to his generation, that they are losing sight of what is truly important in this world: nature and God. To some, they are one in the same. As if lacking appreciation for the natural gifts of God is not sin enough, we add to it the insult of pride for our rape of His land. Wordsworth makes this poetic message immortal with his powerful and emotional words. Let us study his po! werful style: The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers: Little we see in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! (Lines 1 - 4) Materialism, wasteful selfishness, prostitution! These are the images that these lines bring to me! Yet, is it not more true today than in Wordsworth's time, that we are a culture of people who simply consume and waste? The third line awakens me, and says that I have been raised with the mentality that I am not a part of nature, and that I do not identify my needs with those of nature's needs. This mentality may have been quite true in 1807, but it is surely more true in 1996. There is absolute disregard of nature in the acts of well respected western corporations. Would someone who is in-touch with nature orchestrate the ?slash and burn? of beautiful rain forests of South America, or the life giving jungles of Africa and Asia? Would someone who is in-touch with nature dump c! hemical waste into waters that are home to billions of plants and animals? These and other abominations have surely increased in the last 189 years since this poem was written. What makes the sin even worse is the fact that men who order this destruction are well respected people in our culture. The winds that will be howling at all hours, And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers; For this, for everything, we are out of tune; It moves us not. ? Great God! (Lines 6 - 9) Wordsworth gives life to nature in his words, and displays to us nature's agony and pain, ?howling at all hours.? But, we listen not! For we are out of tune, and much too important to ourselves, that we may not listen to the wind, rain, land or sea. I do not know which is the greater sin: the pillage of the earth's natural beauty, or man's torturous inhumanity toward his fellow man. London, written in 1794, by William Blake is a poem of civilization's decline ? and also the decline of compassion and humanit! y. I wander thro' each charter'd street, Near where the charter'd Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. (Lines 1 - 4) London, a

American History Timeline From 1860 to 1870

American History Timeline From 1860 to 1870 1860 February 27, 1860: Abraham Lincoln, a lawyer from Springfield, Illinois, gave a speech at Cooper Union in New York City. Lincoln delivered a forceful and well-reasoned argument against the spread of slavery and became an overnight star and a leading candidate for the upcoming presidential election.March 11, 1860: Abraham Lincoln visited the Five Points, the most notorious slum in America. He spent time with children at a Sunday school, and an account of his visit later appeared in newspapers during his presidential campaign.Summer 1860: Candidates did not actively participate in campaigning in the mid-1800s, though Lincolns campaign used posters and other images to inform and win over voters.July 13, 1860: Albert Hicks, a pirate convicted of murder, was hanged on present-day Liberty Island in New York Harbor before thousands of spectators.August 13, 1860: Annie Oakley, sharpshooter who became an entertainment phenomenon, was born in Ohio.November 6, 1860: Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States. December 20, 1860: In response to Lincolns election, the state of South Carolina issued an Ordinance of Secession and declared it is leaving the Union. Other states would follow. 1861 March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the president of the United States.April 12, 1861: In the harbor at Charleston, South Carolina, Fort Sumter was attacked by Confederate guns.May 24, 1861: Death of Col. Elmer Ellsworth, an event which energized the North in the war effort.Summer and Fall, 1861: Thaddeus Lowe began the U.S. Army Balloon Corps, in which aeronauts ascended in balloons to view enemy troops.December 13, 1861: Prince Albert, the husband of Britains Queen Victoria, died at the age of 42. 1862 May 2, 1862: Death of writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden.September 17, 1862: The Battle of Antietam  was fought in western Maryland. It becomes known as Americas Bloodiest Day.October 1862: Photographs taken by Alexander Gardner  were put on public display at Mathew Bradys gallery in New York City. The public was shocked by the carnage depicted in the photographic prints. 1863 January 1, 1863: President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.July 1-3, 1863: The epic Battle of Gettysburg  was fought in Pennsylvania.July 13, 1863: The New York Draft Riots began, and continue for several days.October 3, 1863: President Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation declaring a Day of Thanksgiving to he observed on the last Thursday in November.November 19, 1863: President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address while dedicating a military cemetery at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 January 3, 1864: Death of Archbishop John Hughes, an immigrant priest who became a political force in New York City.May 13, 1864: The first burial took place at Arlington National Cemetery.November 8, 1864: Abraham Lincoln won a second term as president, defeating General George McClellan in the election of 1864. 1865 January 16, 1865: General William Tecumseh Sherman issued Special Field Orders, No. 15, which was interpreted as a promise to provide forty acres and a mule to each family of freed slaves.January 31, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in America, was passed by the United States Congress.March 4, 1865: Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated for his second term as president of the United States. Lincolns second inaugural address is remembered as one of his most notable speeches.April 14, 1865: President Abraham Lincoln was shot at Fords Theatre and died the next morning.Summer 1865: The Freedmens Bureau, a new federal agency designed to help the freed slaves, began operation. 1866 Summer 1866: The Grand Army of the Republic, an organization of Union veterans, was formed. 1867 March 17, 1867: The annual parade for St. Patricks Day in New York City was marred by violent clashes. In the following years, the tone of the parade was changed and it became a symbol of the emerging political power of the New York Irish. 1868 March 1868: The Erie Railroad War, a bizarre Wall Street struggle to control shares of a railroad, played out in the newspapers. The protagonists were Jay Gould, Jim Fisk, and Cornelius Vanderbilt.May 30, 1868: The first Decoration Day  was observed in the United States. The graves of Civil War veterans were decorated with flowers at Arlington National Cemetery and other cemeteries.February 1868: Novelist and politician Benjamin Disraeli became Prime Minister of Britain for the first time.Summer, 1868: Writer and naturalist John Muir arrived in Yosemite Valley for the first time. 1869 March 4, 1869: Ulysses S. Grant  was inaugurated as president of the United States of America.September 24, 1869: A scheme by Wall Street operators Jay Gould and Jim Fisk to corner the gold market nearly took down the entire U.S. economy in what became known as Black Friday.October 16, 1869: A weird discovery on an upstate New York farm became a sensation as the Cardiff Giant. The huge stone man turned out to be a hoax, but still fascinated a public which seemed to want a diversion.

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay There were several immigrants who moved to America in the 20th century. After the 1890 depression, the number of immigrants to the US almost doubled. There were immigrants from all over the world with distinct races, ethnicities and national groups; these were Jews, Latin Americans, Europeans, Asians and also African Americans. The immigrants came to America for various reasons including escape from political persecution, religious freedom, and economic reasons, among others. Having come from various parts of the world, the immigrants found a different culture in America, very different from their own. The immigrants were then faced with the hard task of deciding whether to assimilate culturally or to preserve their own cultures. A majority of the immigrants assimilated into the American culture, especially the women who intermarried. Assimilation in this case meant the abandoning of their cultures and adopting a new dominant one. However, some like the Hispanics maintained most of t heir cultural aspects, mainly because of the close proximity to their original homeland. The assimilation brought with it many effects including psychological adjustments. The immigrants seemed to have abandoned their origins and tradition which was seen as a negative thing. The assimilation was also seen to have helped many of the immigrants settle well in America; feeling as American as the natives. Enculturation is defined as the practice of knowing ones original culture (Korzenny 1998). Enculturation can be either in favor of ones own culture or of the foreign or dominant culture. Most immigrants nowadays try to teach their children their original cultures while still acculturating the American culture. The enculturation has mostly served to help the immigrants generations to understand where they came from and also appreciate other cultures. Enculturation creates open mindedness and broad knowledge. Enculturation has mostly been beneficial in psychological development but to so me extent it has caused psychological instability. Introduction of many cultures from early childhood leaves some of the children feeling confused as they are not able to identify with either of the cultures. Some Americans with foreign cultures have also found it hard to fit in their original cultures with the American culture and this has resulted in them feeling alienated and like outsiders living in America. Some have even gone as far as disassociating themselves completely with their original cultures. The important thing is that there should be a balance between enculturation and acculturation since they both have their advantages and disadvantages. Buy custom Assimilation versus Enculturation essay

Sustainable development for Iraqi oil and gas in the light of Dissertation

Sustainable development for Iraqi oil and gas in the light of international law with particular reference to Kurdistan region - Dissertation Example Chapter two describes the process of the evolution of the concept of sustainable development from the 1972 Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, where the first United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) has been created, to the today’s more comprehensive and profound understanding of sustainable development as a â€Å"specific call to prioritize improvements in the well-being of the very worst-off now and in the future† (Paul 2008: p.579). Nowadays strong sustainability development of non-renewable resources, which oil and gas resources are relating to, implies that such resources should be recognised as a specific form of natural capital, and should not be exhausted for short-term benefits only (Ayres et al. 1998: p.4). In addition, chapter two gives an overview of the philosophical and theoretical dimensions of the sustainable development. This overview, made on the basis of the existing academic and professional literature, provides useful information r egarding the research in hand and helps to define the ways and concepts of reaching sustainable development in the oil and gas industry through different perspectives. ... l extent, they help to realise a process of shift from a policy of the development of environment without regard to possible negative consequences, to a political culture, which takes into consideration all current and future needs and interests of governments, communities and individuals. Chapter three views these principles in relation to the sustainable development of petroleum resources, in particular. It is emphasised that sustainable use of petroleum resources requires taking into account the criticality of these resources, the availability of technologies that intend to minimise depletion and the likelihood of other resources or technologies that can substitute for petroleum resources (WCED 1987: The Concept of Sustainable Development, Para.12). In other words, the principles of sustainable development are considered in this chapter so that they should be used to prevent â€Å"resource-use activities and projects by actors from within and outside the State† (Bottriell & French 2005: p.5). Chapter four â€Å"Strategic issues of the sustainable development of Iraqi oil and gas† explores the constitutional and legal strategies for the sustainable development of Iraqi oil and gas industry. The general assumption underlying the investigation within this chapter is that the national strategies should address the concept of sustainable development, complying with the international environmental law, on the one hand, and dealing with specific issues related to national and regional environmental legislations, on the other hand (Boer et al. 1998: p.1-3; Bosselmann 2008: p.145-148). Besides, at the national level, it is considered that the concept of sustainable development should be addressed both from the perspective of regulations related to particular environmental